Friday 2 January 2015

Plurals in Android

Plurals are a type of resource, we use it very often to deal with plurality of Strings, what does plurality of Strings means? Suppose you wants to denote the stock items and you want to print out the result, you will have to write at least 2 Strings like:

1
2
3
4
5
<resources>
    <string name="zero"> No Items on the Stall!</string>
    <string name="one">Only One Item on the Stall</string>
    <string name="moreThanOne">There are %d Items on the Stall</string>
</resources>

and then you will add some logic to your code

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
if (ItemsCount ==0)
    result= getString(R.string.zero);
else if (ItemsCount ==1)
    result= getString(R.string.one);
else if (ItemsCount >1)
    result= getString(R.string.moreThanOne, ItemsCount);
textView.setText(result);

It is not a best practice to keep languages in logic inside our code, imagine you have many internationalized text and every languages have its own kind of formatting rules !

here plurals comes to solve this problem:

We are going to use “Plurals” tag rather than “String” tag

1
2
3
4
5
6
<resources>
   <plurals name="numberOfItems">
        <item quantity="one">Only %d Item</item>
        <item quantity= "other">%d Items!</item>
   </plurals>
</resources>

Note that each language have limited quantity values based on grammar of each language, for English there are only two values of quantity “one”

and “other”,  “zero”  is not allowed in english, The plurals have the following types but it get differs to the languages.

Zero When the language requires special treatment of the number 0 (as in Arabic).

One   When the language requires special treatment of numbers like one (as with the number 1 in                  English and most other languages; in Russian, any number ending in 1 but not ending in 11                  is in this class).

Two   When the language requires special treatment of numbers like two (as with 2 in Welsh, or                   102 in Slovenian).

Few          When the language requires special treatment of "small" numbers (as with 2, 3, and 4 in
                 Czech; or numbers ending 2, 3, or 4 but not 12, 13, or 14 in Polish).

Many       When the language requires special treatment of "large" numbers (as with numbers ending                   11-99 in Maltese).

Other       When the language does not require special treatment of the given quantity (as with all
                  numbers in Chinese, or 42 in English).

List of Languages for Plurals Rules: 
http://unicode.org/repos/cldr-tmp/trunk/diff/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html

We are suppose to use getQuantityString method:


1
2
3
int ItemsCount= 20;
String result = getResources().getQuantityString(R.plurals.numberOfItems, ItemsCount,ItemsCount);
textView.setText(result);

Output:
“20 Items!”

When using the getQuantityString() method, you need to pass the ItemsCount twice if your string includes string formatting with a number. For example, for the string %d Items found, the first ItemsCount parameter selects the appropriate plural string and the second ItemsCount parameter is inserted into the %d placeholder. If your plural strings do not include string formatting, you don't need to pass the third parameter to

getQuantityString.

Android Plurals Documentation:
http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/resources/string-resource.html#Plurals

Enjoy!!!!!!!!

Show or Hide soft keyboard in Android

Show or Hide soft keyboard on opening a dialog or activity in android

For showing the soft keyboard on entering into the activity or to the dialog we can use this coding
Code Snippet:
1
2
InputMethodManager imm = (InputMethodManager) getSystemService(Context.INPUT_METHOD_SERVICE);
imm.toggleSoftInput(InputMethodManager.SHOW_FORCED,0);

and for hiding the keyboard
Code Snippet:
1
2
InputMethodManager imm = (InputMethodManager) getSystemService(Context.INPUT_METHOD_SERVICE);
imm.hideSoftInputFromWindow(singleedittext.getWindowToken(),0);

Enjoy!!!!!!!!!!!